How Is Lung Cancer Treated?

CT or MRI, or both. Computer images can be either of these tests, which allows the lungs seen in thin slices, clearly showing all the growth in the lungs. These tests can be performed in other parts of the body, if you suspect that growth may have spread to other parts of the body.

For more detailed information regarding this test, go to the MRI.

For more information about the TC, go to the CT scan.

Other analysis techniques include various forms of the scan and bone scan. These tests can help detect whether the cancer has spread to other organs in the body or bones. A low dose of harmless radioactive substance is injected into a vein, and as she moves around the body scanning machine specialist is able to record the levels of radioactivity in the body. Since the absorption of radioactive material in different areas of the body affected by cancer, these areas are easily identifiable.

A more specialized test called mediastinoscopy may be offered. This procedure is performed while the patient is under general anesthesia. A narrow telescope as a camera can be attached, is inserted into the front of the chest through a small incision, or sometimes through a small incision in the neck. A tissue sample can then be removed lymph nodes and other surrounding tissue.

The understanding of lung cancer "staging"

"Staging" is a method that was developed to describe the extent of tumor growth, which is based on the results of a biopsy and other investigations. This information can help predict how a single unit price over time. Staging of cancer is also possible to change the medical treatment of cancer by an individual.

In patients with lung cancer, assembly methods used for lung cancer non-small cell, representing approximately 80% of all cancers.

The TNM system of cancer is defined as follows:

T (tumor)

N (for nodes)

M (for metastasis or spread of cancer)

T refers to the size of the tumor itself:

TX and T0 - The tumor cells were found in sputum or lung tissue, but can not be seen.

Tis - Carcinoma in situ, meaning that the cells are cancerous, but the growth shows no sign of spread.

T1 - The tumor is small, however, content in the lung and has not reached the main airway.

T2 - The tumor has one or more of the following characteristics: it is larger than 3 cm, involving the airways, is close to the trachea, which won the membrane covering the lungs, lung tissue is damaged or inflamed, but not influenced the entire lung.

T3 - The tumor has invaded the chest wall, diaphragm, membrane covering the organs in the chest or the outer wall of the membrane around the heart and / or it has affected the entire lung.

T4 - The tumor has invaded the area between the lungs, heart, great vessels of the heart, trachea, esophagus, or vertebral column, and / or different tumors are present in the same lobe of the lung, and / or cancer is present in the fluid between the membrane covering the lungs and the lungs (pleural effusion).

How is Lung Cancer Diagnosed?

If the doctor suspects cancer, he or she will:

Read about your medical history

Perform a physical examination

Order of specialized medical tests

As part of taking your medical history, your doctor will ask about:

Whether you smoke or have smoked in the past

Your occupation

Whether you have been exposed to certain substances or radiation industrial

Whether you have a family history of lung cancer

Medical tests that can be performed:

X-ray. This is the first and crucial test will be ordered.

CT or MRI. These tests are highly skilled with computer-generated images showing the divisions and other views of the lungs.

Sputum tests. This is a study under a microscope, a sample of mucus you cough. If an abnormality seen on a radiograph is suggestive of a cancer, a sputum test to be ordered. Although this test is generally not as sensitive as biopsy, in many cases, microscopic examination of expectorated cells will reveal cancer.

Biopsy. This removal of the sample of body tissue examined under a microscope. A biopsy is the most common way that a doctor can be absolutely certain that lung cancer is present. A doctor who specializes in analysis of the tissue (a pathologist) will then be able to see what kind of cell growth and cancer cells that it is

What Causes Lung Cancer?

The most common cause of lung cancer is smoking.

Smoking causes lung cancer because there are substances in tobacco that are known to cause cancer. These substances are known carcinogens (which means "carcinogens"), and it is the carcinogens that cause real damage to cells in the lungs. A cell that is damaged, it can become cancerous over time.

We can not predict which smokers are at increased risk of developing lung cancer. In general, however, the chances of a smoker developing cancer depends on:

Age a person started smoking

For how long a person has smoked

How many cigarettes per day a person smokes

Passive smoking - breathing other people's smoke - can also increase the risk of developing lung cancer.

What is the treatment for mumps in adults and children?

The mainstay of treatment (age) is to provide comfort in this self-limited disease. Taking analgesics (acetaminophen, ibuprofen) and applying hot or cold compresses are swollen and inflamed salivary glands in the region can be of help.

What causes mumps? How is mumps spread?

The mumps virus is a single-stranded RNA contained in a two-layer shell that provides features signature virus immune. Only one type of mumps virus has been shown to exist (unlike many viruses that cause colds).

Mumps is highly contagious and spread quickly among members living indoors. The virus most frequently transmitted directly from person to person through respiratory droplets. Less often, respiratory droplets can land on contaminated materials (sheets, pillows, clothing) and then transmitted through hand to mouth after handling these issues. The incubation period from exposure to the virus and the onset of symptoms is 14-18 days. The excretion of the virus is short and the patient should be isolated from other sensitive issues for the first five days after the onset of swelling of the salivary (parotid) glands